APE studs are made from heat treated chrome moly, centerless ground, and have rolled threads after heat treat for maximum strength.

APE originated heavy duty studs for performance motorcycles and today is recognized as the industry's leading manufacturer and supply studs to all of the top engine builders.

Studs are the preferred fastener choice for high performance engines. Unlike a bolt, a stud uses all of the threads in the case, and it doesn't have to be removed during disassembly which adds wear on the case threads. Studs don't twist like bolts when being torqued down, so torque readings are more accurate.

**NOTE **The 10 mm main bearing holes in the lower case are slightly miss matched from the factory. It is necessary to run a 10 mm reamer (not a drill) thru the holes from the inside out as shown.